Glossary of Shipping Terms (C - D)
| C&E | Customs and Excise - British Department for Tariffs and Customs. |
| C&F | Cost and Freight: Goods are to be sold on the basis that the seller arranges their seaborne transportation and delivery to the buyer. |
| C.I.S. | Confederation of Independent States (former Soviet Union - see also FSU) |
| C/O/H | Cuba / Orinoco / Haiti |
| CA | Central America |
| CAACE | Comité des Associations d'Armateurs de la Communauté Européenne (Brussels) - organization for shipping companies from the EU. |
| CABA | Containing Air Breathing Apparatus |
| CABAF | Currency And Bunker Adjustment Factor |
| Cabotage | Coastal trade, i.e. the movement of goods by ship between ports on the same coast or between ports within the same country. |
| CACM | Central American Common Market |
| CAD | Cash Against Documents |
| CAF | Currency Adjustment Factor |
| CAJEA | Council of All Japanese Exporters' Association |
| Camber | The arching of the deck upward measured at the centerline in inches per foot beam. |
| CAP | Condition Assessment Programme - inspection of a vessel to determine its technical condition. |
| Capesize | Vessel which is too large to navigate the Suez Canal to and from the Arabian Gulf, therefore being forced to voyage around the Cape of Good Hope - approximately 80,000 - 175,000 dwt. |
| Caping | Routing a vessel around the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. |
| Capital intensive tonnage | Vessel demanding relatively large capital investments, e.g. cruiseships, gas- and chemical tankers, etc. |
| CARIBS | Caribbean Sea |
| CARICOM | Caribbean Community. |
| CAS | Collision Avoidance System Electronic system commonly used to prevent collisions in USA inland navigable waterways. |
| CASO | Council of American-flag Ship Operators (eight liner companies which left the AIMS). |
| Catwalk | A raised bridge running fore and aft from the Midship House, also called "walkway". It affords safe passage over the pipe lines and other deck obstructions. |
| Cave-in | The walls of the drill hole disintegrating and filling up the hole. |
| CBA | Collective Bargaining Agreement (tariff agreement) - CBA for Filipino seamen between AMOSUP and ASO is an example. The term is used for any kind of tariff agreement, both for NIS-ships and foreignflagged ships. |
| CBFS | Carbon Black Feed Stock |
| CBM | Conventional Buoy Mooring |
| CBR | Commodity Box Rate |
| CBT | Clean Ballast Tanks |
| CCA | Chemical Carriers Association |
| CCAF | Comit‚ des Armateurs de France - the French shipowners' association. |
| CCC | Customs Co-operation Council - forum for international cooperation between customs authorities, attempting to create harmony and uniformity of approach. |
| CCGD8 | Commander Coast Guard District Eight |
| CCR | Cargo Control Room |
| CCS | China Classification Society 40, Dong Huang Cheng Gen Nan Jie Beijing 10006 China Phone +86 1 513 6633 Fax +86 1 513 0188 Telex 210407 SZBJ CN |
| CCW | Clean Coastal Waters (Long Beach CA cooperative) |
| CD | -Customary Dispatch: See CQD and also Charter Party Laytime Definitions. or - Chart Datum: A water level calculated on the lowest tide that can conceivably occur, and used as a basis for chart measurements. Such low tide is known also as the Lowest Astronomic Tide (LAT), and presupposes that at the very worst, there would always be that depth of available water at that particular spot. |
| CDS | Chemical Data Sheet |
| CE | Conseil de l'Europe (Strasbourg) |
| CEFOR | Maritime insurers central association. |
| CEMT | Conference Europeenne des Ministres des Transports - OECD-affiliated organization for dealing with transportation problems on rails, roads and inland waterways. |
| CEN | European Standardization Organization |
| CENSA | Council of European and Japanese National Shipowners' Associations (London). |
| CENSA | Council of European and Japanese (Nipponese) National Shipowners' Association |
| CERCLA | Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (U.S.) |
| CES | Customs Exam Station (U.S. Customs designation for office granting import licence on USDA approved cargoes) |
| CFR | Code of Federal Regulations (U.S.) |
| CFS | Container Freight Station or: Cubic Feet per Second |
| CFT (CuFt) | Cubic Feet |
| CGT | Colliery Guarantee Terms The ship is to be loaded in accordance with the terms of the colliery (coal mine) guarantee, which is a contract between the colliery and the charterers - occasionally between the colliery and the ship owner - describing applicable laytime, excepted periods, holiday and demurrage |
| Charterer | Cargo owner or another person/company who hires a ship. |
| Chartering | To hire a ship to carry goods/cargo. |
| Chartering agent | Shipbroker acting on behalf of charterer in negotiations leading to the chartering of a ship. |
| Charter-party | Transport contract between shipowner and shipper of goods. |
| Charter-Party (C/P) | Contract for the hire of a ship or space in a ship.. |
| Chemical tanker | Special tanker built for the transporta-tion of bulk chemicals. Newer tonnage is equipped with stainless steel tanks. Ships may carry many different cargoes simultaneously, because each tank has its own pump and pipeline system for loading and unloading. |
| CHOPT | Charterer's Option: May refer, for example, to Charterer's option to discharge at a number of ports - e.g.: "up to three ports Taiwan, in Charterer's Option". Or perhaps relative to a cargo size margin - e.g.: "10,000 tonnes, 5 per cent more or less chopt". (See MOLCO). |
| CIC | Clean Island Council (Hawaiian cooperative) |
| CIF | Cost, Insurance, Freight. Designates that the cargo is carried free of charge for the buyer; seller pays all transportation costs. |
| CIFC | Cost, Insurance, Freight and Commission |
| CIFFO | Cost, Insurance and Freight, Free Out |
| CIMA | Channel Industries Mutual Aid Association |
| CIP | Calling-In-Point |
| CIRCAC | Cook Inlet Regional Citizen's Advisory Council |
| CIS | Commonwealth of Independant States |
| CISPRI | Cook Inlet Spill Prevention, Inc. (Alaskan cooperative) |
| Civil Liability Convention | CLC - see Oil spill compensation. |
| CKD | Completely Knocked Down: Said of cargo, normally of cars, shipped in pieces and cased, to be assembled at destination. |
| Classification society | Organization which carries out surveys of newbuildings and at regular intervals when in commission, sets and maintains quality standards for ships and their equipment. Acts on behalf of the flag state's maritime authorities. |
| CLC | Civil Liability Convention of 1969. |
| CLINGAGE | The residue that adheres to the inner surface and structure of a container, such as a tank after having been emptied |
| CLS | Closed Loading System |
| CMI | Comit‚ Maritime International - the international association for maritime law. |
| COA | Contract of Affreightment - quantity contract: An agreement between shipowner and shipper concerning the freight of a defined amount of cargo. The shipowner chooses ship. |
| Coating | Paint (corrosion protection) |
| COE | Corps Of Engineers |
| COFFERDAM | The narrow, empty space between two adjacent watertight or oil-tight compartments. This space is designed to isolate the two compartments from each other and/or provide additional buoyancy. It prevents any liquid contents of one compartment from entering the other in the event of a bulkhead failure. In oil tankers, cargo spaces are usually isolated from the rest of the ship by cofferdams fitted at both ends of the tank body. |
| COFR | Certificate of Financial Responsibility - regarding the transport of oil to USA. Vessels must have a certificate guaranteeing the payment of up to USD 1,500 per dwt. in case of oil spills. |
| COFR | Certificate Of Financial Responsibility |
| COGSA | Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (USA). |
| COGSA | Carriage Of Goods by Sea Act |
| Collar | A thick piece of pipe closest to the bit. |
| Combination carrier | Ships for the transportation of both liquid and dry bulkcargoes. There are two main types: Ore carriers and bulk-tank-ships. |
| Commission | Shipbroker's remuneration, normally 1.25 per cent of gross freight. Calculated also for sales and purchases of vessels at one per cent of purchase price. |
| Commission | Shipbroker's fee - often 1,25% of the gross freight rate. In the case of a purchase/sale, often 1% of the purchase sum. |
| Completion | Making the hole ready for production. |
| Conductor Pipe | Casing with large diametre - normally the first first lining or guide pipe fitted during the drilling operation. |
| Container vessel | Ship specially designed to carry standard containers (TEUs). Generally called Cellular container ship. The larger part of the cargo-carrying capacity consists of containers carried on deck or in cells in the hold. Containers are lifted on and off with special cranes and are then called lift on-lift off-ships (see special entry). Container ships are generally fast, operating regular sailing schedules (lines). |
| Contract of Affreightment, c.o.a. | Contract for the hire of a ship. The shipowner undertakes the transport of certain amounts of goods for one or several voyages. |
| Contract of Affreightment, c.o.a. | Contract for the hire of a ship. The shipowner undertakes the transport of certain amounts of goods for one or several voyages. |
| COP | Custom Of The Port: Cargo to be loaded or discharged as per custom of the port. Thus no specific rate of cargo handling would be entered in the contract, the owner relying on the vagaries of local practices and customs. Presumably he will ask for a higher freight rate to protect him against possible delays. |
| COR | Certificate Of Registry |
| COTCTFC | Charterer's Option To Complete To Full Cargo |
| COTP | Captain Of The Port (U.S. Coast Guard) |
| COTTON CLUB | informal forum for Western European and Japanese shipping attachées in Washington. COTTON CLUB - informal forum for Western European and Japanese shipping attachées in Washington. |
| COW | Crude Oil Washing: A method of cleaning tanks using oil from the vessel's cargo. COW is normally used when a tanker is discharging. Oil is taken from the tanks and pumped through a special line to fixed or semi-fixed tank washing machines where it is sprayed against all inside surfaces of the tank. This procedure removes any cargo which is "clinging" to the surfaces of the tank. |
| CPP | Clean Petroleum Products |
| CQD | Customary Quick Dispatch: The vessel is to be loaded or discharged as quickly as is customary and possible - se CD |
| CR | China Corporation Register (Taiwan) Taiwanese Skip Classification Agency. |
| Crane and Construction Vessel/Unit | Normally a ship, a barge or a semisubmersible, equipped for the construction and maintenance of fixed installations. May sometimes offer accommodation. Other services offered are: Storage facilities, the supply of water, compressed air and electricity, office space, communications centre, helicoptre landing pad, etc. |
| CRC | Clean River Cooperative (Portland OR - Columbia River) |
| CRD | Current Rate Discharge (see Current Rate) |
| CRISTAL | Contract Regarding a Supplement to Tanker Liability for Oil Pollution - a voluntary system established by oil companies in order to "plug" holes in IMO-conventions concerning the financial settlement of claims in connection with oil spills. The oil companies' supplemet to TOVALOP. |
| CRISTAL | Contract Regarding an Interim Supplement to Tanker Liability for Oil Pollution |
| CRL | Current Rate Load (see Current Rate) |
| Cross Trade | The freight of cargoes between foreign ports. Nearly 95 per cent of the Norwegian-owned tonnage is cross-trading. |
| CRS | Croatian Register of Shipping (Hravatski Registar Brodova) Marasoviceva 67 Spilit 58000 Croatia Phone +38 58 48 955 Fax +38 58 585 746 Telex 26129 HR CROREG Croatian Ship Classification Society |
| Crude (oil) | Un-refined oil directly from the well. |
| Cruise ship | Passenger vessel carrying passengers on trips between various ports, normally with the same starting and ending port. Standards of accommodation and recreation normally high. |
| CSC | Container Safety Convention - convention for the promotion of safer containers. |
| CSD | Closed Shelter Deck Ship |
| CSG | Consultative Shipping Group - forum for the discussion of shipping policy on Government level. Fourteen West-European participants and Japan. |
| CSM | Closed System Measurement |
| CST | Centistrokes: Measure of the viscosity of oils such as fuel oils. The greater the number of centistrokes, the higher the viscosity of a grade of oil. |
| CSWR | Chamber of Shipping War Risks, CP clauses. |
| CTAC | Chemical Transportation Advisory Committee |
| CTL | Constructive Total Loss: Loss or damage to goods or to a ship which is such that the cost of repair or recovery would exceed their value when repaired or recovered. |
| Cubic capacity | The most important commercial measurement when the cargo is so lightweight that the ship is filled to capacity without being loaded to the load line (freeboard). Capacity is measured in cubic metres or cubic feet (cu.ft.). |
| Current Rate | A Term whereby the ship owner contracts to pay the current rate costs of loading and/or discharge. |
| CVS | Consecutive Voyages: A series of consecutive voyages, usually laden from Port A to Port B, returning in ballast condition, and so on until completion of final cargo discharge. |
| CWD | Colliery Working Days: A laytime term describing normal working days of a colliery (coal mine), including those in a strike or other actions. |
| CY | Container Yard. |
| DBB | Deals, Battens and Boards. Unit of measure of timber. |
| DBT | Double Bottom Tanks |
| Dead Freight | Money payable by shipper or charterer to shipowner or shipping line for failing to load the amount of cargo stipulated in contract. |
| Deadweight | The largest weight of cargo, bunkers and stores a ship is able to carry. Expressed in metric tons (1,000 kg) or long tons (1,016 kg). The deadweight tonnage is the most important commercial measurement. Normally the maximum payload for a ship is three to ten per cent lower than the deadweight, due to the weight of bunkers and stores, etc. |
| Decompression | Slow, controlled reduction of pressure inside a pressure chamber to prevent divers from suffering the "bends" after a too fast ascent. |
| Degassing | The removal of oil and gas from the drilling mud which may then be used again. |
| DEL | Delivery |
| DELREDEL | Delivery and Redelivery |
| DEM | Demurrage: A fixed sum, per day or per hour, agreed to be paid for the detention of the vessel under charter at the expiration of the allowed laytime. |
| Demurrage | Money paid to shipowner by charterer, shipper or receiver, for failing to complete loading/discharging within time allowed according to charter-party. |
| Derrick Man | Platform worker handling the drill stem in the tower. |
| DES | Disaster Emergency Services |
| Deviated Well | A hole which intentionally is not drilled straight down. |
| DF | Dead Freight or: Direction finder |
| DFD | Demurrage/Free Dispatch: An expression confirming that a ship owner may be entitled to demurrage for port delay to his vessel, but that no dispatch is applicable in case laytime is saved - e.g.: "$ 2,000 Demurrage/Free Dispatch". Common in short-sea and other trades where turn-a-round in port is speedy; for example, ro-ro vessels. |
| DG | Directorate General - the term used for the various departments of the EU-Commission. |
| DHD / D½ D | Demurrage/Half Dispatch: This term, often found in voyage charter negotiations, signifies that dispatch money is to be paid at half the daily demurrage rate. |
| DHPT | Department of Highways and Public Transportation |
| Diamond Bit | The tip of the drill stem reinforced with diamond to prolong its lifetime. |
| DIP | Depth of liquid = to American expression: gauge |
| Dip Meter | An instrument to measure deviations in the vertical component in the terrestrial magnetic field. Used to determine the position of the sediment and its structure, and to measure the deviation of the drilling hole. |
| Directional Drilling | see Deviated Well. |
| DIS | Dansk Internationalt Skibsregister - Danish International Shipregister. |
| DISP | Dispatch: An agreed amount per day or per hour agreed to be paid to terminals or charterer of a vessel for prompt turnaround of a vessel. Usually half the amount of the agreed demurrage rate. (Demurrage - Half Dispatch). |
| Dispatch | Rmuneration payable by shipowner to charterer, shipper or receiver for loading/discharging in less than the time allowed according to charter-party. |
| Disposal Well | Drilling hole which is prepared for the re-injection of produced saline into the reservoirs. |
| Diving Bell | Bellshaped construction for deepsea diving. |
| Diving Support Vessel | Ship with diving equipment on board, carrying out various types of diving operations. May also be equipped with remotely operated or controlled sub-sea robots (Remote Operated Vehicle - ROV). |
| DK | Deutsche Schiffs-Revision und Klassifikation |
| DNME | Dynamic Non-Member Economies (referring to dynamic countries which are not members of the OECD) |
| DNMF | Det norske maskinistforbund - the Norwegian association for Ships' engineers. |
| DNV | Det Norske Veritas (NV) - Norwegian classification society. |
| DNVPS | Det Norske Veritas Petroleum Services |
| DO | Diesel Oil |
| DOA | U.S. Department Of Agriculture |
| DOC | Document of Compliance |
| DOD | U.S. Department Of Defense |
| DOE | U.S. Department Of Energy |
| DOH | U.S. Department Of Health |
| DOI | U.S. Department Of the Interior |
| Donald Duck-effect | Voice distortion due to the inhalation of the oxygen-helium mixture used in deepsea diving. |
| DOP | Dropping Outward Pilot: Frequently used provision in a time charter to determine the time and place of redelivery of a ship to the owner by the charterer. The hire ceases at the moment the pilot disembarks. |
| DOT | U. S. Department Of Transportation |
| DOTC | Department Of Transportation Classification |
| DoTI | Department of Trade and Industry, UK |
| DPP | Dirty Petroleum Products |
| DPS | Dynamic Positioning System |
| DR | Danmarks Rederiforening - the Danish Shipowners' Association. |
| DRAFT | The depth of a ship in the water. This distance is measured from the bottom of the ship to the surface of the water. Draft marks are painted or welded on the surface of the vessel’s vertical plating. They are placed forward, aft and amidships on both sides of the vessel. At the amidships draft the official Load Line marker (Plimsoll mark) is also found. This Plimsoll mark designates the vessel’s maximum drafts allowed under various conditions. |
| Drag Bit | One-bladed drillbit for drilling in soft sediments. |
| Drift | Horizontal error during drilling operations. |
| Drill Pipe | Pipes with thin walls used during drilling. Each section is normally approximately 10 metres long. |
| Drill Stem | The string driving the bit into the sediments. |
| Drill Stem Test | Standard procedure to test oil or gas discoveries during drilling. |
| Drill String | see Drill Stem. |
| Driller | The person in charge during drilling operations. |
| Drilling Barge | Barge equipped for drilling operations in smooth seas. Normally not equipped with own propulsion machinery. Max. drilling depth approximately 150 metres. |
| Drilling Fluid, Drilling Mud | A special mixture used during drilling operations to lubricate the bit and balance the pressure in the drilling hole. |
| Drilling Rig | Drilling tower with turntable and mudpumping system. May be installed on an offshore rig or placed on a fixed or floating offshore installation like a drillship. |
| Drilling Supervisor | The engineer in charge. |
| Drilling Tender | Service vessel with personnel and equipment to the drilling rig. |
| Drilling Tender | Ship serving drilling installations which are depending on a ship or a barge for storage, accommodation, etc. |
| Drillship | Ship equipped with drilling rig and its own propulsion machinery. Kept in position by Dynamic Positioning Equipment. Operating in waters with a max. depth of 2,000 metres. |
| Dry cargo | Grain, coal, ore, general cargo, etc. |
| DSO | De samarbeidende organisasjoner - cooperation between DNMF and NS for mobile offshore installations (Norway). |
| DSRK | Deutsche Schiffs Revision und Klassifikation - German classification society. |
| DT | Deep Tank: Tank situated between the holds of a ship, primarily used for water ballast but capable of carrying water or fuel. |
| DW/DWT | Dead Weight/Dead Weight Tons |
| DWAT | Dead Weight All Told: The total deadweight of a vessel at any time, or estimated against a particular draft. Includes cargo, bunkers, constant weight, etc. |
| DWCC | Dead Weight Cargo Capacity or: Dead Weight Carrying Capacity: Weight of cargo which a ship is able to carry when immersed to the appropriate load line, expressed in tonnes or tons. |
| Dynamic positioning | Keeping the ship's position with the help of automatically controlled propellers. |